It's also possible to use a sub search which build up the search query to use.
Similar issue is discussed in the question: To use subsearch result in outersearch for > and < comparisons.
This query looks at the results from the latest 10 days and take the latest event which mentions timed out and all events which are up to 10 seconds older.
index="someIndex" earliest=-10d | search [search index="someIndex" timed out | head 1 | eval errorEventTime=_time | eval startRange=_time-10 | eval rangeQuery="_time>"+ startRange + " AND _time<=" + errorEventTime | return $rangeQuery]
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